Prevalence of low ankle brachial index and its association with pulse pressure in an elderly chinese population: a cross-sectional study

Background: We investigated the prevalence of low ankle brachial index (ABI) and the association of low ABI with pulse pressure among elderly community residents in China.Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Beijing and recruited 2982 participants who were aged 60 years or older in 2007. Low ABI was defined as an ABI value less than 0.9 in either leg. Participants with or without stroke or coronary heart disease (CHD) were analyzed separately. The association between pulse pressure and low ABI was examined by using multiple logistic regression models.Results: The prevalence of low ABI was 5.65% (4.24% among men and 6.52% among women; P = 0.0221) among participants without stroke or CHD and 10.91% (13.07% among men and 9.49% among women; P = 0.1328) among those with stroke or CHD. After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratio (95% CI) for each 5-mm Hg increase in pulse pressure was 1.19 (1.07, 1.33) and 1.10 (1.02, 1.20) for men and women, respectively, among participants without stroke or CHD and 1.17 (1.03, 1.34) and 1.15 (1.02, 1.30) for men and women with stroke or CHD. When pulse pressure was classified into quartiles and the lowest quartile was used as reference, the association between pulse pressure and low ABI remained positive in men and women.Conclusions: Low ABI was prevalent among elderly Chinese, and pulse pressure was positively associated with low ABI.     

Second-hand smoke exposure and household smoking bans in Chinese families: a qualitative study

As workplace smoking restrictions spread, smoking in the home is becoming the predominant source of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) among children and other non-smokers in the household. This study explored issues around children's exposure to SHS. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted among 31 Chinese households in urban Shanghai, China. All FGDs/IDIs were audio recorded and analysed thematically. The findings suggest that there are gaps in knowledge of the health consequences of smoking and SHS among the participants. Although there was a lack of knowledge about the health risk of exposure to SHS, most were willing to protect their child from the SHS exposure. In 16/31 households, families had partial home-smoking restrictions; there were no complete restrictions in any of the smokers' homes. Many families do not openly discuss smoking or smoking restrictions at home. Barriers to adopting a smoke-free home included the social acceptability of smoking (22/31), hosting social gatherings at home, which would involve smoking (12/31), authoritative attitudes of the husband or father-in-law (10/31), and difficulties with visitors who smoke (7/31). Most (28/31) participants stated they would accept a counselling intervention to reduce SHS exposure to children and suggested various measures to implement it. The findings from this intervention have implications for designing intervention strategies to reduce SHS exposure at home among children in China.     

LC-MS/MS法同时测定消毒产品中6种抗生素残留

目的建立同时测定消毒产品中甲硝唑、盐酸金霉素、土霉素二水合物、盐酸米诺环素、红霉素及盐酸四环素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。方法样品经甲醇超声提取,0.45μm聚四氟乙烯膜过滤后,选择WatersSymmetryC18(2.1mm×150mm,3.5μm)为分析柱,5mmol/L乙酸铵缓冲溶液、甲醇和乙腈为流动相,用LC-MS/MS正离子扫描多反应监测模式检测。结果上述6种抗生素在0～2000ng/ml范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998,回收率为74.7%～114%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～20.2%。该法成功用于115件皮肤、黏膜使用的膏霜剂型抗(抑)菌制剂消毒产品中抗生素残留量的检测。结论该法操作简单,灵敏度高,选择性强,可用于膏霜剂型消毒产品中抗生素残留量的测定。     

Genistein prevents hyperglycemia-induced monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells through preservation of the cAMP signaling pathway and ameliorates vascular inflammation in obese diabetic mice

Hyperglycemia-induced vascular inflammation resulting in the enhanced monocyte-endothelial cell (EC) interaction is the key event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Here, we investigated the effect of isoflavone genistein on hyperglycemia-stimulated vascular inflammation. Human aortic EC (HAEC) were pretreated with genistein before the addition of high glucose (HG; 25 mmol/L) for 48 h. Genistein at a physiological concentration (0.1 μmol/L) significantly inhibited HG-induced adhesion of monocytes to HAEC and suppressed endothelial production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-8. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase or protein kinase A (PKA) significantly attenuated the antiadhesion effect of genistein. Consistently, genistein improved HG-impaired intracellular cAMP production and PKA activity in HAEC. Six-week-old diabetic db/db mice were untreated (db/db) or treated with a diet containing 1 g genistein/kg diet (db/db+G) for 8 wk. Their nondiabetic db/+ mice were used as normal controls. Circulating concentrations of MCP-1/JE and KC were significantly greater, whereas IL-10 concentrations were lower in db/db mice than those in normal mice. Dietary supplementation of genistein did not normalize but significantly suppressed the elevated serum concentrations of MCP-1/JE from 286 ± 30 ng/L to 181 ± 35 ng/L and KC from 321 ± 21 ng/L to 232 ± 20 ng/L while increasing that of IL-10 from 35 ± 4 ng/L to 346 ± 35 ng/L in db/db+G mice. Further, genistein treatment suppressed diabetes-induced adhesion of monocytes to EC by 87% and endothelial secretion of adhesion molecules. We conclude that genistein improves diabetes-caused vascular inflammation, which may be mediated through promoting the cAMP/PKA pathway.     

乡镇卫生院护士压力源调查分析

目的 调查对乡镇卫生院护士身心健康所造成的压力及危害的压力源,为其减压、提高护士生活质量提供依据.方法 自行设计乡镇卫生院临床一线护士压力源调查表进行调查.调查表包括8个方面共39种压力源,在相对范围内对80％以上护士造成压力的压力源作为共同压力源.结果 乡镇卫生院临床一线护士共同压力源有工作,技术不过硬(婴幼儿静脉穿刺),急救技术不过硬,心理,自我提升(考试、晋升、考核),家庭社会,以及工作环境压力7个方面共16种.结论 护理管理者在注重提高护理质量的同时,必须维护护士的身心健康,制定有效的减压措施,稳定护理队伍.     

椎间打压植骨联合棘突椎板复合体回植内固定治疗退变性腰椎不稳症

目的研究椎间打压植骨联合棘突椎板复合体回植内固定治疗退变性腰椎不稳症的手术方法,以期为临床提供一种更为理想的手术模式。方法 1998年1月-2010年10月,采用后路椎管减压、椎间打压植骨联合棘突椎板复合体回植、后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定术治疗退变性腰椎不稳症患者48例。男26例,女22例;年龄52～76岁,平均62.4岁。病程7个月～25年,平均6.5年。单节段不稳22例,L3、41例,L4、510例,L5、S111例;多节段不稳26例,L3、4、L4、5及L5、S15例,L2、3及L3、42例,L3、4及L4、510例,L4、5及L5、S19例。合并椎间盘突出32例,椎管狭窄46例,退变性脊柱侧弯16例。手术前后采用日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、植骨椎间隙融合、椎间隙高度及腰椎前凸角变化情况评定疗效。结果患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合;术中、术后未出现神经损伤、螺钉断裂、伤口感染等并发症。48例均获随访,随访时间1～6年。植骨椎间隙融合时间12～18周,平均16.2周。脊柱滑移或退变性侧弯得到纠正,基本恢复脊柱的正常序列。术前、术后6个月及末次随访时手术节段椎间隙高度分别为(5.2±2.3)、(11.9±2.0)、(11.6±2.1)mm;JOA评分分别为(3.2±2.1)、(12.8±1.6)、(13.6±1.2)分;腰椎前凸角分别为(—20.5±10.5)、(30.5±8.5)、(31.2±5.6)°。术后各指标均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6个月与末次随访时比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月根据JOA改善率评定,获优36例,良10例,可2例,优良率95.8%。结论椎间打压植骨联合棘突椎板复合体回植内固定治疗退变性腰椎不稳症,手术方法有效可行,稳定性好,融合率高,是一种接近于解剖性重建的椎管成形术。     

腹腔镜胃手术结合辅助切口十二指肠残端处理方法改进的临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜胃手术结合辅助切口十二指肠残端处理方法改进的临床应用效果。方法回顾分析68例腹腔镜胃手术患者的临床资料,其中腹腔镜下十二指肠残端处理24例(A组),结合辅助切口十二指肠残端处理44例(B组)。结果 68例患者均顺利完成手术。A组较B组手术时间长、出血量多(P<0.05);两组切口长度、远/近切缘及淋巴结清扫数目比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组患者术后恢复指标(肛门排气时间、进食流质时间、下床活动时间及住院时间)比较亦无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后A组发生切口感染、吻合口出血各1例,B组切口感染2例、吻合口出血1例,均经保守治疗痊愈。两组术后并发症发生率无统计学差异(8.33%VS 6.82%,P>0.05)。全组无手术死亡、吻合口漏及十二指肠残端漏。A组十二指肠残端闭合费用8 660.50元,高于B组材料费用120.00元(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜胃手术结合辅助切口十二指肠残端处理在保留微创优势的同时更有利于缩短手术时间,减少出血,直视下更容易处理幽门上下复杂的病理情况,降低手术风险及难度,减少并发症,并能大大降低手术费用。     

经皮骨移植增强的有限元研究

目的利用腰椎三维有限元模型,探讨松质骨粒(cancellous bone granule,CBG)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)增强后对治疗节段和相邻非治疗节段椎体生物力学影响。方法 L1～L2的三维功能脊柱单位的有限元模型由脊柱尸体标本CT扫描后形成。分别模拟骨质疏松模型、CBG和PMMA增强,分析轴向压缩、前屈和后伸3种加载状态下手术前后治疗节段和相邻非治疗节段椎体应力和应变的变化。结果在压缩、前屈和后伸3种加载状态下,松质骨粒增强模型强化区最大的Von Mises应力/应变分别为0.457、0.469、0.499 MPa/0.459%、0.471%、0.501%;PMMA增强模型为0.864、0.824、0.966 MPa/0.029%、0.028%、0.033%;骨质疏松模型相应区域为0.237、0.253、0.258 MPa/0.698%、0.752%、0.759%。与骨质疏松模型比较,治疗节段增强区域的应力/应变明显改变。结论 CBG和PMMA均增强治疗节段的总体强度和刚度水平,有利于椎体功能的重建,但就材料力学相容性和生物相容性而言,CBG的增强优于PMMA增强。     

人类T型钙通道α1H和α1G基因在精索静脉曲张患者精子中的差异表达

目的:探讨精索静脉曲张(VC)患者精子中T型钙通道α1H和α1G基因的表达与精索静脉曲张的关系。方法:根据WHO标准用计算机辅助精液分析(CASA)方法对所取精液进行检查,根据检查结果分为正常精液组(20例)、VC精液正常组(16例)、VC精液异常组(44例),用Percoll非连续梯度离心法对精液进行分离,应用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术分别检测3组精子T型钙通道α1H和α1G mRNA的表达。结果:与正常精液组相比较,VC精液正常组α1H和α1G mRNA的表达差异无显著性(P>0.05);VC精液异常组α1H和α1GmRNA的表达差异具有极显著性(P<0.01)。结论:T型钙通道α1H和α1G基因表达异常可能是导致VC患者精液质量下降从而不育的原因之一,此为VC不育的病因及治疗提供了新的方向。